Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42564122›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Cigarette smoke modulates virulence-related properties and host immune responses in

Hala O Eltwisy, Medhat Abdel-Fattah, Khaled N M Elsayed, Rasha Assad Assiri, Salwa Seif Eldin, Amal A Elkhawaga, Marwa M Khalifa, Mohamed Ahmed

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hala O EltwisyDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Medhat Abdel-FattahDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Khaled N M ElsayedDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Rasha Assad AssiriDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Salwa Seif EldinDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Amal A ElkhawagaDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Marwa M KhalifaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Mohamed AhmedCollege of Medicine, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for respiratory infections and chronic inflammatory lung diseases, yet the mechanisms through which it alters host-pathogen interactions remain incompletely understood. Methods: Three multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing clinical Results: High concentrations of CSE (≥25%) suppressed bacterial growth, whereas 5-10% CSE had minimal effects. Exposure to 10% CSE significantly upregulated Discussion: CSE enhances the virulence potential of

Indexed as

Host-Pathogen InteractionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeSmokeAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsCytokinesHumansKlebsiella InfectionsMacrophagesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNeutrophilsPhagocytosisTHP-1 CellsVirulenceVirulence FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsCytokinesSmokeVirulence Factorscigarette smoke extracthost-pathogen interactionimmune dysregulationintracellular invasionKlebsiella pneumoniaeTHP-1 macrophages

Identifiers

PMID42564122
PMCPMC13442400

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.