ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Case Report: Acute monocytic leukemia mimicking large-vessel vasculitis on
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Systemic inflammatory manifestations caused by hematologic malignancies may be very similar to autoimmune diseases, making diagnosis difficult. Acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5) is characterized by significant cytokine production and, in rare cases, can mimic large vessel vasculitis (LVV). Case presentation: A 56-year-old female with a two-week history of recurrent fever accompanied by significantly elevated inflammatory markers. Laboratory tests showed elevated levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin. The infection and autoimmune assessment are not significant. Conclusion: AML with monocyte differentiation may exhibit systemic inflammation and vascular FDG uptake, thus mimicking LVV. Understanding this presentation is crucial. For patients with atypical inflammatory features, early hematological assessment should be considered to avoid delayed diagnosis.
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