ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Application of three-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in acute difficult cholecystitis.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of three-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with indocyanine green (ICG)-guided fluorescence imaging in patients with complicated acute cholecystitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 115 patients with complicated acute cholecystitis treated at three hospitals in Ningde between January 2022 and June 2024. The patients were assigned to either a conventional laparoscopic surgery group (60 cases) or a three-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with ICG fluorescence imaging group (55 cases). Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative recovery indicators, and complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The combined group showed significantly better outcomes than the conventional group with respect to operative time, intraoperative blood loss, time to postoperative flatus, drainage duration, and length of hospital stay ( Conclusion: Three-step laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with ICG fluorescence imaging can clearly delineate biliary anatomy, enhance surgical exposure; it reduces the risk of postoperative complications and bile duct injury, improves surgical safety in complicated acute cholecystitis, accelerates postoperative recovery, and has considerable value for clinical application.
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