ArticleAnnals of the Child Neurology Society2024
Retino-dural hemorrhages in infants are markers of degree of intracranial pathology, not of violent shaking.
Article in Annals of the Child Neurology Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spread of "triad diagnostics" in suspected Shaken Baby Syndrome.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026Article
- AHT diagnoses: The influences of clinical presentation and evidence of impact.Child abuse & neglect · 2026Article
- A critical review of the American Academy of Pediatrics technical report on abusive head trauma.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Review
- Response to Comment on 26 cm Fall Caught on Video Causing Subdural Hemorrhages and Extensive Retinal Hemorrhages in an 8-Month-Old Infant.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- High-altitude retinopathy - a potential model for retinal haemorrhages in suspected shaken baby syndrome.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Witnessing abusive head trauma: Accidents show higher rates of intracranial pathologies than shaking.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
1 author.
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Abstract
Aim: This study analyzed whether retino-dural hemorrhages in infants are markers of the degree of intracranial pathology, rather than evidence of violent shaking. Methods: Using data from 420 infants with acute intracranial pathologies, comparison of clinical findings is made between cases diagnosed as abusive head trauma (AHT) and four categories: cases where caregivers report no trauma; cases of witnessed or admitted AHT; cases where caregivers report accidental trauma; and witnessed accidents. The data are then controlled for degree of intracranial pathology by only comparing cases in each category that have evidence of hypoxic-ischemic swelling. Results: Although categories differ in clinical findings when all data are considered, they do not differ when the data are controlled for degree of intracranial pathology. Conclusions: The data suggest that the clinical findings widely considered to be indicative of shaking are instead markers of the degree of intracranial pathology. Previous results showing differences were driven by selection effects, whereby different categories have different fractions of serious cases. Most notably, caregiver and witnessed reports of accidental head trauma led doctors to explore intracranial pathologies across a broader spectrum of severity, including milder cases, as opposed to situations where no head trauma is reported.
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