Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42563170›Full record

ArticleBMC nursing2026

Caring for the caregivers: a scoping review of spiritual and religious interventions for family caregivers in home care.

Jenny Kubitza, Benedikt Kaiser, Ruth Mächler, Dagmar Teutsch, Juliane Stingl, Annette Haußmann, Eckhard Frick

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jenny KubitzaTUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Technical University of Munich, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany. jenny.kubitza@tum.de.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-9517
Benedikt KaiserFaculty of Social Work, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University (DHBW), Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
Ruth MächlerTUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Technical University of Munich, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-9633
Dagmar TeutschTUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Technical University of Munich, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-2980-8793
Juliane StinglTUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Technical University of Munich, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
Annette HaußmannFaculty of Theology, Ruprechts-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-6822
Eckhard FrickTUM School of Medicine and Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Spiritual Care and Psychosomatic Health, Technical University of Munich, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-1004

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFamily caregivers often experience stress, which negatively affects their well-being, health, and quality of life. This review of current studies on spiritual and religious interventions and their effects will contribute to the development of holistic strategies to support family caregivers.

methodsThis scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's framework and is reported in accordance with the modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. A systematic search of studies and grey literature examining spiritual and/or religious interventions for family caregivers in the home setting was conducted across nine databases and Google Scholar.

resultsThe search yielded 608 hits, of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria; a total of 1,025 family caregivers are involved. Most studies have a quantitative design, examine the feasibility and pilot testing of the interventions, and are of moderate quality. Interventions include spiritual training and therapy, faith community nursing, yoga, meditation, mindfulness programs, and self-expressive therapies. These range from single-session approaches to programs lasting several weeks and are conducted as individual, dyadic, or group sessions, either in-person, by telephone, or via virtual platforms. Most studies report improvements in spiritual well-being, health, and quality of life. Some studies reported deterioration in physical health and increased fatigue following spiritual or religious interventions.

conclusionSpiritual or religious interventions can reduce stress among family caregivers and improve their well-being, provided they are tailored to their needs. To maximize their benefit, interventions should be tailored to caregivers' needs, be flexible in timing and easily accessible, foster meaningful relationships, and be of sufficient duration to enable them to develop practical strategies for daily life.

Indexed as

Caregiving needsDomestic careInformal caregivingOutpatient careReligionSpirituality

Identifiers

PMID42563170
PMCPMC13445842

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.