Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42562831›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2026

Influenza.

Gabriele Neumann, Benjamin J Cowling, Hualan Chen, Silke Stertz, Balaji Manicassamy, Ian G Barr, Timothy M Uyeki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gabriele NeumannInfluenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Benjamin J CowlingSchool of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Hualan ChenState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, China.
Silke StertzInstitute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Balaji ManicassamyDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Ian G BarrWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Timothy M UyekiInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Yoshihiro KawaokaInfluenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-8296

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza A and B viruses are considerable public health threats. Annual seasonal epidemics are driven by antigenic drift and cause an estimated 3-5 million severe cases and 290,000-650,000 deaths annually. The clinical presentation of seasonal influenza is typically an abrupt, uncomplicated acute respiratory illness with full recovery; however, it can lead to severe, life-threatening complications in individuals at high risk. Antigenic shift caused by reassortment of a seasonal influenza A virus with avian and/or swine influenza A viruses has led to unpredictable pandemics. The successful cross-species transmission of influenza A viruses requires key viral adaptations, including changes in receptor specificity and compatibility with host factors such as ANP32A. Host defence involves a layered innate response, which is antagonized by proteins, such as non-structural protein 1, and a robust adaptive immunity comprising cytotoxic CD8

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanAnimalsHumansInfluenza A virusInfluenza VaccinesInfluenza Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID42562831

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.