ArticleCell reports. Medicine2026
Microenvironment-responsive magnesium stents for targeted atherosclerotic plaque removal and restenosis mitigation.
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24 authors.
Lin ShenZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China.
Yi ZhongZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Yanran BiSchool of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China.
Ziyu PangInternational Clinical School, Hangzhou Medical College (Lishui Central Hospital), Lishui, Zhejiang, China.
Youyu WeiZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Zhangyu YangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Xingru DingZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Chengli JiangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Junchao YuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Zijian FangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Mengqian ZhaiZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Jinhong SunZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Junyan LiZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Jieli ZhuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Zhongwei ZhaoZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
Gaofeng ShuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Chenying LuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Lingchun LvZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Cardiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
Jingjing SongZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Minjiang ChenZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China.
Xiaokun LiSchool of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China. Electronic address: lixk1964@163.com.
Zhouguang WangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), National Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Preparation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China. Electronic address: wzhouguang@gmail.com.
Weiqian ChenZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; International Clinical School, Hangzhou Medical College (Lishui Central Hospital), Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China. Electronic address: ls2119088@126.com.
Jiansong JiZhejiang Key Laboratory of Imaging and Interventional Medicine, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Interventional Medicine Engineering and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Lishui City, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China; International Clinical School, Hangzhou Medical College (Lishui Central Hospital), Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Clinical College of The Affiliated Central Hospital, School of Medcine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Department of Radiology, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Lishui 323000, China. Electronic address: jjstcty@wmu.edu.cn.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque persistence and maladaptive vascular remodeling drive in-stent restenosis despite effective revascularization. Here, we develop a microenvironment-responsive magnesium stent with an EGCG-Cys-MFVL nanocoating for targeted plaque clearance. The system enables cholesterol oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and targeted delivery, reprogramming macrophage polarization and vascular homeostasis. Mechanistically, it activates PPARγ/PGC1α pathways in endothelial cells while suppressing proliferative signaling in smooth muscle cells. In vivo, the stent exhibits enhanced plaque targeting, prolonged retention, and sustained efficacy, reducing neointimal hyperplasia and improving luminal patency across multiple animal models. Long-term evaluation shows favorable biosafety and degradation. These findings establish a device-integrated strategy for coordinated plaque removal and microenvironmental remodeling to mitigate restenosis.
Indexed as
Cellular MicroenvironmentCoronary RestenosisMagnesiumPlaque, AtheroscleroticStentsAnimalsCholesterolEndothelial CellsHumansMacrophagesMiceMyocytes, Smooth MuscleReactive Oxygen SpeciesCholesterolMagnesiumReactive Oxygen Speciesbiodegradable magnesium alloy stentcholesterol crystal clearancein-stent restenosis interventionmacrophage polarization reprogrammingredox-responsive nanocoating
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