Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42561943›Full record

ArticleStem cell reports2026

C9orf72-associated and sporadic FTD patient iPSC-microglia show differences in phagocytosis and gene expression.

Hannah Rostalski, Tomi Hietanen, Dorit Hoffmann, Sami Heikkinen, Nadine Huber, Ashutosh Dhingra, Salvador Rodriguez-Nieto, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Sohvi Ohtonen, Henna Jäntti and 15 more

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Article in Stem cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Hannah RostalskiA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Tomi HietanenA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Dorit HoffmannA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Sami HeikkinenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Nadine HuberA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Ashutosh DhingraGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
Salvador Rodriguez-NietoGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
Teemu KuulasmaaInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Sohvi OhtonenA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Henna JänttiA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Viivi PekkalaA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Stina LeskeläA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Petra MäkinenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Kasper KatiskoInstitute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Päivi HartikainenNeuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Šárka LehtonenA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Eino SoljeInstitute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Neuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
Jari KoistinahoNeuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tarja MalmA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Anne M PortaankorvaDepartment of Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Teemu NatunenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Henna MartiskainenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Mari TakaloInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Mikko HiltunenInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Annakaisa HaapasaloA.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: annakaisa.haapasalo@uef.fi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9-HRE) is a major genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, approximately half of the FTD patients are sporadic without a clear genetic background. To compare characteristics of microglia from different FTD subtypes, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMG) from sporadic and C9-HRE-carrying behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) patients and healthy controls. C9-HRE iMG displayed C9-HRE-associated RNA foci and dipeptide repeat proteins. All bvFTD iMG had fewer LAMP2-A-positive vesicles compared to control iMG. Additionally, C9-HRE iMG showed significantly increased LC3BII/I conversion after bafilomycin A1 treatment and altered phagocytic activity. The gene expression profile of C9-HRE iMG only modestly differed from the control iMG, but was greatly different from the sporadic bvFTD patient iMG. Our data show alterations in phagocytic and autophagosomal/lysosomal pathways and gene expression profiles between C9-HRE and sporadic bvFTD iMG for the first time.

Indexed as

C9orf72 ProteinFrontotemporal DementiaInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMicrogliaPhagocytosisAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisFemaleGene Expression RegulationHumansMaleC9orf72 ProteinC9orf72 protein, humanALSC9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansionFTDmicrogliaphagocytosisRNA sequencing

Identifiers

PMID42561943
PMCPMC13555443

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.