ArticlePloS one2026
Early versus delayed trial without catheter in men with Acute urinary retention - Study Protocol for a dutch national randomized trial.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAcute urinary retention (AUR) is a burdensome urological emergency, often caused by benign prostatic obstruction. Standard management includes transurethral catheterization, alpha-blocker therapy, and a trial without catheter (TWOC) to assess spontaneous voiding. Despite the high incidence of AUR, the optimal catheter duration prior to TWOC remains uncertain. Evidence is limited, guideline recommendations are largely expert-based, and catheter duration varies widely in practice. Prolonged catheterization may increase morbidity and discomfort, whereas earlier removal may raise concerns regarding recurrent retention.
methodsRELIEF is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized non-inferiority trial comparing TWOC on day 3 versus TWOC on day 14 in men with AUR. All participants undergo transurethral catheterization and receive alpha-blocker therapy prior to randomization. Primary outcome is TWOC success, defined as a voided volume ≥100 mL and post-void residual ≤200 mL. The primary analysis follows a per-protocol approach, with a complementary intention-to-treat analysis to confirm non-inferiority. Secondary outcomes include recurrent retention, catheter-related complications, patient-reported symptoms and quality of life, and cost-effectiveness from healthcare and societal perspectives over 18 months. In parallel, a qualitative substudy using semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals aims to explore the determinants underlying current practice variation, as well as the perceived barriers and facilitators for the sustainable implementation of a standardized TWOC strategy in future clinical practice. DISCUSSION: By comparing two catheterization intervals already applied in routine care and combining clinical, patient-reported, economic, and implementation outcomes, RELIEF is designed to generate directly applicable evidence on TWOC timing after AUR. The results are expected to support guideline refinement and improve consistency of care.
trial registrationWHO ICTRP primary registry, identifier NL-OMON57836. Registered on February 7, 2025.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.