ArticlePloS one2026
Photocatalytic performance of CuI/Cu2+ -TiO2 for controlling Magnaporthe oryzae infection in rice plants.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study presents the synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic antifungal performance of a Cu+/Cu2+-TiO2 nanocomposite designed to control rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. The heterostructure was fabricated through a chemical precipitation process in which TiO2 was first doped with Cu2+ ions, followed by partial reduction to Cu+ to form CuI. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the coexistence of both Cu+ and Cu2+ oxidation states. A notable feature of this material is its Cu+/Cu2+ redox cycling, which enhances charge separation during photocatalysis and supports the sustained production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as ●O2- and ●OH. These reactive species are intensified under visible-light LED irradiation, thereby imposing strong oxidative stress on the fungal pathogen. The optical bandgap energy (Eg) was calculated from UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) using a Tauc plot method implemented in a Python-based analysis. Eg decreased systematically from 3.02 eV for pristine TiO2 to 2.67 eV for the optimized 3CuT3 composite. Correspondingly, the UV-Vis absorption edge exhibited a red shift from approximately 410-465 nm, indicating enhanced visible-light absorption. The 3CuT3 sample, containing the highest Cu loading (9.52 wt%), exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, achieving 91.55% inhibition of M. oryzae at 500 ppm after 10 days. In comparison, the 1CuT1 and 2CuT2 samples showed lower inhibition efficiencies of 78.22% and 83.55%, corresponding to their lower Cu contents of 2.73 wt% and 4.04 wt%, respectively. These findings suggest that the Cu species (Cu+/Cu2+) incorporated into the nanocomposite play a critical role in enhancing antifungal performance. This work provides a basis for further evaluation of the practical applicability and ecological safety of the Cu+/Cu2+-TiO2 nanocomposite for sustainable crop protection. ppm after 10 days. In comparison, the 1CuT1 and 2CuT2 samples showed lower inhibition efficiencies of 78.22% and 83.55%, corresponding to their lower Cu contents of 2.73 wt% and 4.04 wt%, respectively. These findings suggest that the Cu species (Cu+/Cu2+) incorporated into the nanocomposite play a critical role in enhancing antifungal performance. This work provides a basis for further evaluation of the practical applicability and ecological safety of the Cu+/Cu2+-TiO2 nanocomposite for sustainable crop protection.
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