Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42560621›Full record

ArticleIrish journal of medical science2026

Increased IL-5, IL-33, and ST2 expression in pediatric adenoid hypertrophy associated with allergic rhinitis: Immunohistochemical and systemic evidence.

Walaa Abomesallem Ali Hashem, Eman Hassan Ibrahim, Hossam R Alkashgari, Abdulrhman Shalabi, Doaa Abd Elhalim Saif Eldin, Asmaa Fathy Elsyed Abdelaal, Hebatullah A Z Abdel-Alazim, Nabila Ebraheim Abd-Allah Elneklawy, Bothina Ahmed Mohamed, Hagar Mahmoud Ismail and 8 more

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Article in Irish journal of medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Walaa Abomesallem Ali HashemOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-5971-1305
Eman Hassan IbrahimDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine,, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. dr.eman@gmu.ac.ae.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3468-5602
Hossam R AlkashgariDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3609-4854
Abdulrhman ShalabiDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-5454
Doaa Abd Elhalim Saif EldinOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Asmaa Fathy Elsyed AbdelaalOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hebatullah A Z Abdel-AlazimOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Nabila Ebraheim Abd-Allah ElneklawyOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Bothina Ahmed MohamedOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hagar Mahmoud IsmailOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed Shawqy ElbailyOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-4263-6548
Mahmoud A MegahedOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-0797-1155
Bahaa-Eldeen AbozaidOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohammed AbdelwahedDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-7195-2785
Amgad A EidBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Ahmed Ramadan El-HasaninBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Zakaria M ElaskaryPediatrics Department, Prince Mishari Bin Saud Hospital, Al-Baha Health Cluster, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7238-3212
Heba M K YoussefPathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2148-5863

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAdenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common paediatric disorder that may be worsened by allergic rhinitis (AR), contributing to persistent symptoms and postoperative recurrence. The immunologic mechanisms underlying allergic AH remain incompletely understood. This study assessed IL-5, IL-33, and ST2 expression in adenoid tissues of children with AH and evaluated the influence of concomitant AR on tissue and systemic inflammatory responses.

methodsThis study included 120 children undergoing adenoidectomy: 60 with AH alone and 60 with AH plus AR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to assess tissue IL-5, IL-33, and ST2 expression using integrated optical density. Serum IL-4, IL-33, and IFN-γ levels were measured by ELISA, and total IgE and blood eosinophil fractions were also evaluated. Correlations between tissue and systemic inflammatory markers were analysed.

resultsCompared with the AH-only group, children with AH plus AR showed significantly higher tissue expression of IL-5, IL-33, and ST2. Serum IL-4, serum IL-33, total IgE, and eosinophil fractions were also significantly increased, whereas IFN-γ levels were reduced. Tissue IL-5 expression correlated positively with serum total IgE, eosinophils, IL-4, and IL-33, and negatively with IFN-γ.

conclusionChildren with AH and AR showed higher tissue expression of IL-5, IL-33, and ST2, together with differences in systemic allergic inflammatory markers. These findings support an association between AR and increased IL-5, IL-33, and ST2 expression in adenoid tissue. Further cellular, functional, and longitudinal studies are needed.

Indexed as

Adenoid hypertrophyAllergic rhinitisIL-33IL-5ImmunohistochemistryST2

Identifiers

PMID42560621

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.