ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026
Bioinspired Adaptive Surfaces for Intelligent Liquid Manipulation: Progressing From Passive and Active to Hybrid Strategies.
Review in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- On the (In)Equality of Droplet Rebound Dynamics at Fixed Weber Number.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Natural surfaces demonstrate sophisticated liquid manipulation through passive interfacial energy landscapes, whereas active systems rely on external stimuli for dynamic control. Bringing these strategies offers a promising route to balance energy efficiency with adaptive control. This review first outlines the principles of passive strategies and externally actuated active methods, and then critically assesses emerging hybrid approaches. Hybrid strategies utilize external energy to program the interfacial properties of passive surfaces, after which liquid motion proceeds without continuous energy input, driven by the stored interfacial energy of reconstructed surfaces. This approach, combining passive energy efficiency with active flexibility, could address the trade-off between low energy consumption and adaptable liquid manipulation. Emerging applications are further discussed across sustainable energy, environmental science, thermal management, smart manufacturing, and healthcare engineering, with guidance on selecting appropriate liquid manipulation strategies for different application scenarios. Finally, perspectives are provided on energy acquisition, material innovation, design methodologies, and system integration, envisioning a technological framework in which passive, active, and hybrid strategies advance in parallel as complementary pillars to accelerate the translation of liquid manipulation surfaces from laboratory discoveries to real-world applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.