ArticleSurgical neurology international2026
Economic burden and cost drivers of traumatic brain injury.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health concern in low-income countries. This study assesses the economic burden of TBI in Togo, estimating both direct and indirect costs and identifying key cost drivers. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at CHU Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé from January to December 2022, including patients with complete medical and financial records. Direct medical costs included expenditures directly related to hospital-based medical care from admission to discharge, consultation fees, laboratory investigations, radiological examinations, medications, surgical procedures, intensive care charges, and hospitalization fees. Indirect costs included nonmedical and productivity-related expenses incurred during hospitalization: transportation, food, communication expenses, and loss of income for both patients and caregivers due to missed workdays. Results: A total of 219 patients were analyzed (mean age 37.3 ± 14.1 years; 81.7% male). Road traffic accidents accounted for 86.7% of TBIs, with motorcycles involved in the vast majority. The median total cost of care was USD 512 (IQR: 380-890), and the mean cost was USD 648 ± 478 - approximately 7.1 times the national monthly minimum wage. Direct medical costs constituted the largest share of expenditures, particularly treatment-related items. Intensive care unit admission, surgical intervention, and longer hospital stay were all significantly associated with higher total costs ( Conclusion: TBI management imposes a substantial financial burden in this tertiary hospital setting in Togo. Resource-intensive care, particularly surgery, intensive care admission, and longer hospital stay, significantly increases costs. Broader studies are needed to assess the full national and long-term economic burden of TBI. The financial burden of TBI management in our setting is considerable, particularly given limited health insurance coverage. TBI management imposes a substantial economic burden in this tertiary hospital setting, with costs significantly driven by intensive care admission, surgical intervention, and prolonged hospitalization.
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