Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42559343›Full record

Article... International Conference on Learning Representations2026

A TALE OF TWO TAILS: PREFERRED AND ANTI-PREFERRED NATURAL STIMULI IN VISUAL CORTEX.

Rabia Gondur, Patricia L Stan, Matthew A Smith, Benjamin R Cowley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ... International Conference on Learning Representations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Rabia GondurCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
Patricia L StanCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Matthew A SmithCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Benjamin R CowleyCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.

Funding

Slow time scale fluctuations in neurons and behaviorR01MH128393 · NIMH · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI MATTHEW A SMITH · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
Dynamic population codes for perceptionR01EY029250 · NEI · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI SMITH, MATTHEW A · 2020 to 2023
$1.3M
CRCNS: Unraveling the visual system's temporal code for dynamic scene processingR01EY037194 · NEI · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI MATTHEW A SMITH · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
CRCNS: Interhemispheric coordination for memory and actionR01NS147766 · NINDS · CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY · PI Joseph Patrick Mayo, MATTHEW A SMITH · 2025 to 2026
$750k
The influence of task context on neural population activity during natural scene discriminationF31EY031975 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI STAN, PATRICIA LENA · 2021 to 2022
$93k
NEI NIH HHS F31 EY031975NEI NIH HHS R01 EY029250NEI NIH HHS R01 EY037194NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH128393NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS147766
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An ongoing quest in neuroscience is to find the preferred stimulus of a sensory neuron. This search lays the foundation for understanding how selectivity emerges in the primate visual stream-from simple edge-detecting neurons to highly-selective face neurons-as well as for the architectures and activation functions of deep neural networks. The prevailing notion is that a visual neuron primarily responds to a single preferred visual feature, like an oriented edge or the shape of an object, resulting in a "one-tailed" distribution of responses to natural images. However, surprisingly, we instead find "two-tailed" response distributions of primate visual cortical neurons, suggesting that these neurons have both preferred

Identifiers

PMID42559343
PMCPMC13440251

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.