ArticleRSC advances2026
A sustainable pH responsive hydrogel-based phosphorus fertilizer using nano oxalic acid-modified rock phosphate and humic acid.
Article in RSC advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fixation and precipitation severely limit fertilizer efficiency in alkaline soils, contributing to resource depletion and environmental losses. In this study, a sustainable, pH-responsive phosphorus nano fertilizer was developed by mechanochemically converting Eppawala rock phosphate (ERP) into nano oxalic acid-modified rock phosphate (nano-Ox-ERP) and encapsulating it within a biodegradable sodium alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose (SA-CMC) hydrogel matrix supplemented with humic acid (HA). Nano Ox-ERP particles (60-180 nm) were characterized using PXRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. Hydrogel beads with varying nano Ox-ERP (20-80%) and humic acid (1-3%) compositions were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, swelling behavior, and phosphorus release across pH 3.5-8.5. Formulation B8 (80% nano Ox-ERP + 2% HA) achieved 91.5% phosphate encapsulation and sustained release following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. Pot experiments using
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