ArticleFrontiers in reproductive health2026
Evaluating infant feeding practice guidelines for individuals with HIV: a pilot study using qualitative findings with healthcare workers and normalization process theory.
Article in Frontiers in reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: In 2023, the WHO and CDC updated HIV infant feeding guidelines, emphasizing the role of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing breastfeeding/chestfeeding transmission risk among birthing people living with HIV (BPLWH). Despite this update, clinical integration remains inconsistent, shaped by provider knowledge, bias, patient engagement, and systemic barriers. Materials & methods: Between August 2025 and January 2026, we conducted 10 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with healthcare workers (HCWs) to assess their understanding of and engagement with updated HIV breastfeeding/chestfeeding guidelines. The Normalization Process Theory (NPT) informed the development of the interview guide and the thematic analysis. Transcripts were double-coded in Dedoose and thematic analysis was conducted deductively. Results: Healthcare workers generally accepted the guidelines as evidence-based, but their implementation varied across the four NPT constructs. While the guidelines were seen as logically coherent, OB-GYNs highlighted reproductive autonomy, whereas infectious disease and pediatric providers prioritized infant HIV susceptibility. Uncertainty about viral load thresholds led to variability among providers. Ethical motivation strongly supported implementation, but inconsistent training and low patient volumes reduced confidence. Institutional leaders and interdisciplinary workflows were identified as vital facilitators. Major obstacles included fragmented OB-GYN-to-pediatrics handoffs, services located in different areas, and structural patient burdens such as monitoring requirements and insurance issues, which the guidelines did not specifically address. Discussion: Systematically identifying how new breastfeeding/chestfeeding practices become embedded in healthcare among HCWs, and assessing where knowledge gaps, misunderstandings, and engagement barriers exist regarding the guidelines, will inform the development of a decision-making guide to enhance implementation of HIV breastfeeding/chestfeeding guidelines for pregnant people.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.