Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42558554›Full record

ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology2026

A Refined Injection Strategy for the Upper Third Using Incobotulinum Toxin A to Enhance Facial Harmony and Preserve Natural Expression.

Massimo Renzi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Massimo RenziPlastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, AICPE (Associazione Italiana Chirurghi Plastici Estetici), SICPRE (Società Italiana Chirurgia Plastica Ricostruttiva-Rigenerativa ed Estetica), Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0009-0002-0277-9815

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The eyebrow is a central anatomical unit in upper facial aesthetics, where multiple muscle groups-including the frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and orbicularis oculi-interact to influence its position and movement. Achieving an optimal balance among these muscles is crucial to enhance facial harmony while preserving natural expressiveness. This study describes an anatomy-based injection strategy using hyperdiluted incobotulinum toxin A, administered through a higher number of injection sites for each muscle in the upper third of the face. Compared with conventional methods using fewer, more concentrated injection points, this approach is intended to promote more uniform toxin distribution, minimise untreated areas, reduce the occurrence of compensatory wrinkles and support balanced neuromodulation while limiting excessive muscle weakening. By integrating microdosing, hyperdilution, and expanded injection mapping, the proposed technique aims to preserve eyebrow dynamics, reduce the risk of brow ptosis, and achieve a more natural aesthetic outcome. The approach is compared with conventional injection patterns, highlighting differences in dose distribution, injection depth, and muscle targeting. Two clinical cases illustrate the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the proposed approach as a refined and customisable strategy for upper facial rejuvenation.

Indexed as

aestheticseyebrow dynamicsfacial harmonyhyperdilutionincobotulinum toxin Aneuromodulationupper facial rejuvenation

Identifiers

PMID42558554
PMCPMC13437611

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.