ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Trifunctional synergistically designed 3D-Printed bone scaffold for infectious bone defect therapy: design strategy and clinical translation outlook.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Infection-induced bone defects are a challenging disease in orthopedic clinical practice. Traditional treatments face core problems such as limited bone sources, high risk of antibiotic systemic application-induced resistance, and difficulties in synchronizing infection control and bone regeneration. Method: 3D printing technology, with its advantages of personalized customization, precise structural regulation, and compatibility and adaptability of multiple materials, has become the core preparation method for repair scaffolds for infection-induced bone defects. Constructing an integrated scaffold with three functions - antibacterial, osteogenic, and vascularization - that is temporally coupled and spatially stratified, and oriented towards clinical translation is a key direction to break through the treatment bottleneck of this disease. Results: This review differs from existing reviews that only focus solely on antibacterial materials, 3D printing scaffold preparation, or bone regeneration mechanisms. It is the first to systematically construct a three-function collaborative framework of "infection control - angiogenesis - bone regeneration" with temporal coupling and spatial stratification. It deeply analyzes the adaptability of different material systems in the infection microenvironment, the logic of selecting anti-infection strategies, and the design rules of biomimetic structures. It comprehensively summarizes the key bottlenecks in clinical translation, real clinical case evidence, and industrialization paths, and clarifies the time-controlled regulatory mechanism and clinical translation targeting path of the three-function collaboration. Conclusion: 3D printed anti-infection bone scaffolds can achieve synchronous repair of infection clearance, bone regeneration, and angiogenesis. The three-function temporal and spatial collaborative design and integrated research for clinical translation are the core development directions in this field, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the precise treatment of infection-induced bone defects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.