ArticlePlant and soil2026
Pharms on farms: Variable impacts of veterinary pharmaceuticals on an arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and soil microorganisms.
Article in Plant and soil, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Circular agriculture promotes the reuse of organic waste, such as animal manures, to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilisers. However, manures can introduce veterinary pharmaceuticals into soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are critical for plant nutrition, yet their responses to manure-associated pharmaceuticals remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of three commonly used veterinary pharmaceuticals-the antibiotics doxycycline (DOX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and the anthelmintic flubendazole (FLUB)-applied at environmentally relevant concentrations, on AM structure and function and wider microbial communities. Methods: Using dwarf runner bean, we quantified AM-mediated transfer of phosphorus ( Results: DOX exposure increased AM abundance and AM-mediated Conclusions: Overall, our results demonstrate compound-specific effects of veterinary pharmaceuticals on AM fungal symbioses and soil microbial communities, with DOX positively impacting AM fungi, while FLUB negatively impacted the symbiosis and SMX did not affect AM fungi. DOX reduced soil bacterial diversity. These findings emphasise the importance of considering microbial functional responses when assessing the sustainability and feasibility of manure reuse in agricultural systems. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-026-08706-1.
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