ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and competitive anxiety among elite and amateur soccer players.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Competitive anxiety is a commonly observed psychological phenomenon within the field of competitive sports such as soccer. Metacognitive beliefs are associated with anxiety in clinical and non-clinical populations, however, few studies have explored the relationship between metacognitive beliefs and competitive anxiety. In this study we aimed to explore the association between metacognitive beliefs and competitive anxiety among Norwegian soccer players. We also investigated differences in competitive anxiety between elite and amateur players, and between women and men. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 150 Norwegian soccer players at elite and amateur level completed the Metacognitions Questionnaire 30 (MCQ-30), the Sport Anxiety Scale 2 (SAS-2), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and demographic variables. Independent Results: Independent Conclusion: The results indicate a higher level of competitive anxiety among female and amateur players, and that metacognitive beliefs are relevant to somatic anxiety and worry among soccer players, irrespective of their competitive level. This suggests that interventions aimed at challenging metacognitive beliefs to reduce competitive anxiety should be explored in future studies. Theoretical and clinical implications of the current findings are discussed in light of the metacognitive model.
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