Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42558141›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical extended reality2025

Reporting Guideline for Therapeutic Immersive Virtual Reality Interventions: International eDelphi Study (INVIRTUE).

Syl Slatman, Daniel Harvie, Max van der Heijden, Loes Bulle, Beate Dejaco, Harry van Goor, Tjitske Diederike Groenveld, Peter Alexander van de Hoef, Maaike Kragting, Raymond Ostelo and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical extended reality, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Syl SlatmanMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Daniel HarvieInnovation, Implementation and Clinical Translation in Health (IIMPACT in Health), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Max van der HeijdenMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Loes BulleResearch Group IT Innovations in Health Care, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Beate DejacoMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Harry van GoorDepartment of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Tjitske Diederike GroenveldDepartment of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Peter Alexander van de HoefResearch Group Innovation of Human Movement Care, Knowledge Center Healthy and Sustainable Living, HU University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Maaike KragtingDepartment of Physical Therapy, Research Centre for Health Care Innovations, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Raymond OsteloDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Movement Science Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brennan SpiegelDepartment of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
J Bart StaalMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Zina TrostDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Darcy UmmelsDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Jesper KnoopMusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, School for Allied Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
INVIRTUE Expert Panel

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rising adoption of virtual reality (VR) in health care, research publications on the topic are increasing rapidly. Guidance on reporting VR interventions is limited, which risks misinterpretation of findings, inappropriate data synthesis in reviews and meta-analyses, and reduced reproducibility. This could also result in possible misuse of VR interventions and might hinder further implementation in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a reporting guideline for therapeutic, immersive VR interventions using head-mounted displays in scientific publications. To reach this aim, we intended to achieve expert consensus on key items and categories for reporting these interventions. We conducted a three-round, modified, online Delphi study with a validation meeting to develop a VR intervention reporting guideline. Participants were international experts in therapeutic VR research, working as academic or industrial researchers. Convenience, purposive, and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. Consensus was defined

Indexed as

Delphi studyhealth careintervention reporting guidelinevirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID42558141
PMCPMC13393003

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.