Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42558037›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

An Open-Source, Reproducible MRI Data Acquisition and Reconstruction Workflow Using Pulseq: Multi-Site and Cross-Vendor Validation.

Qingping Chen, Thomas H M Roos, Amaya Murguia, Yuhai Xie, Zheng Liu, Pengcheng Xu, Shohei Fujita, Sebastian Littin, Yogesh Rathi, Jiayu Zhu and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Qingping ChenDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-7672
Thomas H M RoosDepartment of Radiology and Oncology, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3465-7794
Amaya MurguiaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5546-1274
Yuhai XieShanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Zheng LiuWuhan United Imaging Life Science Instrument Co. Ltd., Wuhan, China.
Pengcheng XuAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Shohei FujitaAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Sebastian LittinDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8190-1761
Yogesh RathiBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jiayu ZhuShanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.
Berkin BilgicAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-7865
Jon-Fredrik NielsenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Maxim ZaitsevDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Funding

A harmonized vendor-agnostic environment for multi-site functional MRI studiesU24NS120056 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jon-Fredrik Nielsen, Maxim Zaitsev · 2021 to 2026
$3.3M
Harmonizing data acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis for reproducible, cross-vendor, open source MRIR01EB032378 · NIBIB · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BILGIC, BERKIN, RATHI, YOGESH · 2022 to 2025
$2.7M
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft INST 39 1365-1European Partnership on Metrology, co-financed from the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme and by the Participating States 22HLT02 A4IMEuropean Union under Horizon Europe Grant Agreement 1011078393, MRITwinsNIH HHS R01 EB032378NIH HHS U24 NS120056NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS120056
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeReproducibility in MRI is limited by variability in data acquisition, formatting, and reconstruction across sites and vendors. This work aimed to mitigate these challenges through an open-source, vendor-independent workflow originally developed for the 2023-24 ISMRM Repeat It with Me: Reproducibility Team Challenge.

methodsPulseq, extended with advanced features including LABELs and Sequence Definitions for k-space description and execution instructions, was used to harmonize data acquisition. Pulseq-generated raw k-space data were converted into the MRD format using these metadata. Open-source, vendor-independent image reconstruction and post-processing were performed with Gadgetron. Additionally, vendor-native online reconstructions on Siemens platforms (ICE and OpenRecon) were enabled for Pulseq-based sequences. The workflow was validated using MPRAGE and EPI protocols in phantoms and in vivo across nine scanners from five sites and four vendors. Vendor-native acquisition and reconstruction protocols were executed for comparison.

resultsPulseq-based sequences executed successfully on all systems, with all data converted and reconstructed without errors. Pulseq-based, Gadgetron-reconstructed images showed good agreement with corresponding vendor-native images across scanners; however, qualitative and quantitative differences remained. Despite detailed natural-language descriptions and meticulous console configuration, vendor-native protocols introduced subtle but notable cross-platform differences in sequence execution and reconstruction. In contrast, the proposed workflow achieved highly consistent sequence execution via Pulseq and standardized reconstruction through Gadgetron across scanners.

conclusionWe established an open-source MRI workflow that harmonizes data acquisition, formatting, and reconstruction across sites and vendors. This workflow represents a critical step toward fully open and reproducible MRI, facilitating transparency, standardization, and collaboration across the research community.

Indexed as

Image Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingAlgorithmsBrainHumansPhantoms, ImagingReproducibility of ResultsSoftwareWorkflowcross‐vendor MRIdata standardizationimage reconstructionopen‐source techniquereproducibilitysequence development

Identifiers

PMID42558037
PMCPMC13619859

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.