Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42557397›Full record

ArticleNature methods2026

GHT-SELEX demonstrates unexpectedly high intrinsic sequence specificity and complex DNA binding of many human transcription factors.

Arttu Jolma, Aldo Hernandez-Corchado, Ally W H Yang, Ali Fathi, Kaitlin U Laverty, Alexander Brechalov, Rozita Razavi, Mihai Albu, Hong Zheng, Codebook Consortium and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature methods, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Footprint-seq: a simple method to quantitatively mapbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Arttu Jolma *Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. arttu.jolma@utoronto.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-7490
Aldo Hernandez-Corchado *Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Ally W H Yang *Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ali Fathi *Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1441-9653
Kaitlin U Laverty *Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-4341-4665
Alexander BrechalovDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Rozita RazaviDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Mihai AlbuDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hong ZhengDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Codebook Consortium
Ivan V KulakovskiyInstitute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-8128
Hamed S NajafabadiDepartment of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. hamed.najafabadi@mcgill.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2735-4231
Timothy R HughesDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. t.hughes@utoronto.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8721-4719

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI SELWYN M VICKERS · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Measuring and describing nucleosome remodeler sequence preferencesR21HG012258 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO · PI HUGHES, TIMOTHY · 2022 to 2022
$267k
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada) PJT-186136Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada) PJT-191768Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada) PJT-191802Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Conseil de Recherches en Sciences Naturelles et en Génie du Canada) RGPIN-2018-05962NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NHGRI NIH HHS R21 HG012258U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R21HG012258Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council) 2016-00158
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is ongoing debate regarding the degree to which transcription factors (TFs) independently specify genomic binding: TF binding motifs are typically short and degenerate, yielding many more binding site predictions than observed in cells. Here we present genomic high-throughput SELEX (GHT-SELEX)-a scalable method that surveys intrinsic binding of purified TFs to the fragmented, naked and unmodified genome. GHT-SELEX peaks for 179 diverse human TFs display surprisingly high overlap with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing peaks for the same TF. Comparable overlap can be obtained from motifs using appropriate analytical approaches. For C2H2 zinc finger (zf) proteins-the largest class of human TFs-GHT-SELEX shows that modular, alternative engagement of C2H2-zf domains is the norm, enabling several types of distinct target sites, and frequently involving internal duplication and divergence within the C2H2-zf array. Altogether, it is common for TFs to delineate a large fraction of in vivo genomic binding sites independently of other cellular factors.

Indexed as

DNASELEX Aptamer TechniqueTranscription FactorsBase SequenceBinding SitesChromatin ImmunoprecipitationHumansProtein BindingDNATranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID42557397
PMCPMC13541613

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.