Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42556373›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet. Planetary health2026

Theory of change for building stronger wildlife health surveillance systems globally.

Liz P Noguera Z, Carrie Kappel, Jonathan M Sleeman, Marcela M Uhart, François Diaz, Claire Cayol, Keren Cox-Witton, Clare Death, Damien O Joly, Kevin Brown and 9 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet. Planetary health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Needs assessment for national wildlife health programs.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Liz P Noguera ZWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Carrie KappelNational Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Jonathan M SleemanWildlife Health Intelligence Network; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA; World Organisation for Animal Health Working Group on Wildlife, Paris, France; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Marcela M UhartWildlife Health Intelligence Network; World Organisation for Animal Health Working Group on Wildlife, Paris, France; Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center-Latin America Program, One Health Institute, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
François DiazWildlife Health Intelligence Network; World Organisation for Animal Health, Emergency, Preparedness and Resilience Department, Paris, France.
Claire CayolWildlife Health Intelligence Network; World Organisation for Animal Health, Emergency, Preparedness and Resilience Department, Paris, France.
Keren Cox-WittonWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Wildlife Health Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Clare DeathWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Wildlife Health Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
Damien O JolyWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Kevin BrownWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Emma G GardnerFood and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy; Animal Health Canada, Elora, ON, Canada.
Sarin SuwanpakdeeWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
Bernard BettWildlife Health Intelligence Network; International Livestock Research Institute, One Health Research, Education & Outreach Centre in Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
Kim M PepinWildlife Health Intelligence Network; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Kacey YellowbirdWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Samson Cree Nation, Maskwacis, AB, Canada.
Dina SauloWildlife Health Intelligence Network; World Health Organization, Health Emergency Programme, Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Hub, Berlin, Germany.
Oliver MorganWildlife Health Intelligence Network; World Health Organization, Health Emergency Programme, Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence Hub, Berlin, Germany.
Sarah H OlsonWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: solson@wcs.org.
Mathieu PruvotWildlife Health Intelligence Network; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases affecting wildlife have highlighted the need for wildlife health surveillance (WHS), given the interconnected role of wildlife in maintaining the health of natural resources, agriculture, and human populations. Although global policies and guidelines exist, a key gap remains in the implementation of WHS systems at local and national levels. A working group of local, national, and global stakeholders in WHS was established to address this gap. In this Viewpoint, we report a theory of change (ToC) developed to support implementation of WHS from local to global scales. Using established methods for developing a collaborative ToC, we leveraged our expertise and identified six transformative pathways to be implemented via collaborations across scales and contexts: mindset change, policy and investment, evidence-based practice, user-driven technologies, capacity enhancement, and mobilisation of a global community of practice. This ToC serves as a roadmap for the development of effective WHS systems that support adaptive management and implementation. WHS is fundamental to understanding the impact of health threats on biodiversity, domestic animals, and humans. This ToC also presents an approach to operationalise the integration of wildlife health into collaborative One Health surveillance systems.

Indexed as

Animals, WildCommunicable Diseases, EmergingPopulation SurveillanceAnimalsGlobal HealthHumans

Identifiers

PMID42556373
PMCPMC13549958

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.