Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42555462›Full record

ReviewMethodsX2026

Comprehensive security review and challenges for smart and power grids to prevent cyber-attacks in IoTs.

Maha Kadhim Kabier, Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar, Mohammed Abdulridha Hussain, Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi, Zahraa Abdullah Ali, Hamid Ali Abed Al-Asadi, Abdulla J Y Aldarwish, Ali Hasan Ali, Ali A Yassin

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in MethodsX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Maha Kadhim KabierDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Zaid Ameen AbduljabbarDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Mohammed Abdulridha HussainDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Vincent Omollo NyangaresiDepartment of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, 40601, Kenya.
Zahraa Abdullah AliDepartment of Cybersecurity Science, College of Science, ALkunooze University, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Hamid Ali Abed Al-AsadiDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Abdulla J Y AldarwishDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Ali Hasan AliDepartment of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.
Ali A YassinDepartment of Computer Science, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61004, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

One of the most significant use cases of the Internet of Things (IoTs) is the Smart Grid (SG), which is an advanced digital bi-directional power distribution system characterized by self-recovery capabilities. This SG offers resilient, adaptive, self-recovery, and sustainable power distribution. The recent past has seen a gradual shift from unidirectional power systems towards the SG's bi-directional model. However, these large, complex, and self-healing SG systems have numerous vulnerabilities that threaten the exchanged data and power control commands. Therefore, many research efforts have been directed towards the enhancement of the SG security. In this paper, an overview of threats, attacks, vulnerabilities, security measures, and limitations for the IoT-based SG are described. We also give detailed descriptions of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) architecture as well as cloud computing as critical components of the smart grids. Moreover, this survey paper discusses tools and methods for verifying security protocols. The outcomes indicate the necessity of ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) in various communication technologies and networks deployed in SGs. The findings also point to the significance of developing network models and middleware to enhance QoS of the smart grid networks, which collect various data from diverse smart components and sensors.

Indexed as

AuthenticationCyber threatsIoTsPower gridSmart grid

Identifiers

PMID42555462
PMCPMC13400333

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.