ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2026
Super-resolution imaging reveals altered actin architecture at CAR-T cell immune synapses.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a key integrative role in immunological synapse (IS) formation during T cell activation, but how these dynamics are altered in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells remains unclear. Here, we used stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to perform the first super-resolution analysis of actin remodeling at the IS in single- and dual (CD19/CD22) CAR-T cells, activated on supported lipid bilayers across different time points. Quantitative imaging reveals that CAR-T cells form structurally distinct synapses to untransduced cells, characterized by reduced actin-depleted regions, fewer actin foci, and persistent microvilli-like protrusions. These features indicate incomplete cytoskeletal contraction and impaired actin network reorganization, leading to partial synapse maturation. Our findings highlight fundamental differences in actin dynamics between CAR- and TCR-mediated signaling and suggest that defective actin remodeling may contribute to unstable synapse formation, altered signaling integration, and dysregulated responses or off-target effects. These insights could inform future CAR-T engineering strategies to enhance safety and efficacy.
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