ArticleGalen medical journal2026
Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of Nano-calcium Hydroxide and Nano-chlorhexidine Against Enterococcus Faecalis : Short title: Antibacterial Effects of Nano-Calcium Hydroxide and Nano-CHX.
Article in Galen medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Intracanal medicaments are used to eliminate residual microorganisms and provide a suitable environment for the healing of periapical tissues. The present study aimed to compare the antibacterial effect of nano-calcium hydroxide and nano-chlorhexidine as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 170 single-rooted mandibular premolars were included. After crown removal, canal preparation was performed. Five teeth were randomly selected as the negative control group. Nano-intracanal medicaments were synthesized using the encapsulation method. Drug release tests were carried out, and particle sizes were determined using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. Samples were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Subsequently, five teeth were randomly selected as the positive control group. The remaining samples were randomly divided into four groups of 40 teeth each (20 for day 3 and 20 for day 7). The intracanal medicaments used in each group were: calcium hydroxide, nano-Ca(OH)2-PLGA, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and 2% nano-chlorhexidine gel (MCM-41), respectively. After 3 and 7 days, microbial biofilm samples were collected, and bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) were counted. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean CFU counts among the groups at different time intervals. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on statistical analysis, on day 3, the 2% nano-chlorhexidine gel (MCM-41) and nano-Ca(OH)2-PLGA groups showed a significantly greater reduction in CFU/ml (P0.05) compared to the other groups. On day 7, the 2% nano-chlorhexidine gel (MCM-41) and 2% chlorhexidine gel groups demonstrated significantly greater reductions in CFU/ml (P0.05) than the remaining groups. Over time, the antibacterial efficacy of the nano-formulations declined, whereas the effectiveness of the 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide increased. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, nano-formulated medicaments were more effective in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm from the root canal only in short-term.
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