Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42553767›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Antimicrobial Use in U.S. Hospitals: Comparison of 2015 and 2023 Prevalence Surveys.

Barbara C Keino, Taniece Eure, Rebecca Alkis Ramirez, Joelle Nadle, Jane E Lee, Monica Lehmann, Lyndzie Sardenga, Christopher A Czaja, Helen Johnston, Melissa Kellogg and 38 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

48 authors.

Barbara C KeinoDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-0187
Taniece EureDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-485X
Rebecca Alkis RamirezDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-4875
Joelle NadleCalifornia Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA.
Jane E LeeCalifornia Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA.
Monica LehmannCalifornia Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA.
Lyndzie SardengaCalifornia Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California, USA.
Christopher A CzajaColorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-514X
Helen JohnstonColorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7590-2049
Melissa KelloggColorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Catherine EmanuelColorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4670-2292
Alana CilwickColorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Maria A CorreaConnecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-3910
Meghan MaloneyConnecticut Emerging Infections Program, Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2917-4085
Jeanette PrignanoConnecticut Emerging Infections Program, Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Susan M RayGeorgia Emerging Infections Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6327-088X
Jessica Howard-AndersonGeorgia Emerging Infections Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-0458
Stacy CarswellGeorgia Emerging Infections Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lucy E WilsonMaryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Rebecca PerlmutterMaryland Department of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J P MahoehneyMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Ruth LynfieldMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Marla SieversNew Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-974X
Cory ClineNew Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.
Melissa JudsonNew Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0068-7838
Ghinwa DumyatiNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3634-2841
Christine HurleyNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Elizabeth KellerNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9815-728X
Marissa WalshNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Erin LicherdellNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9662-1841
Julia TellermanNew York Emerging Infections Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2726-5113
Rebecca PiercePublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7390-8744
Valerie L S OcampoPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9529-4790
Monika E SamperPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Kimberly A HiresPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6982-2376
Lauren T AdrianPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Roza P TammerPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3690-0497
Alexia Y ZhangPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Shannon HiratzkaPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Angela DuskoPublic Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, Oregon, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9201-6672
Christopher WilsonTennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Melphine HarriottTennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8303-7065
Rongxia LiDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0664-4803
Melinda M NeuhauserDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-2413
Nicola D ThompsonDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1672-4359
Shelley S MagillDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-1000
Cheri T GriggDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-0463
Nora CheaDivision of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-2277

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Prevalence surveys in U.S. hospitals in 2011 and 2015 showed that half of inpatients received antimicrobials on the survey day or day before. We repeated the survey in 2023 to assess changes in antimicrobial use (AU). Methods: Ten Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites recruited up to 25 hospitals each, prioritizing prior participants. EIP staff reviewed medical records of randomly selected inpatients from the survey day morning census and documented AU on the survey day or day before. We compared AU and stewardship characteristics between 2023 and 2015 and used multivariable log-binomial regression to identify factors associated with AU in 2023. Results: Antimicrobial stewardship programs were present in 215/218 hospitals in 2023 (98.6%) compared with 158/199 (79.4%) in 2015. Of 13 653 patients in 2023, 6785 (49.7%) received ≥1 antimicrobial on the survey day or day before. Among 151 hospitals participating in both surveys, overall AU prevalence was similar in 2015 and 2023 (49.2% vs 49.1%), with decreases in neonatal critical care (23.4% to 17.1%) and increases in mother-baby units (24.4% to 32.8%). Fluoroquinolone use declined (9.2% to 2.8%), while third- or fourth-generation cephalosporin use increased (12.3% to 18.6%). In 2023, higher AU was associated with patient factors (medical devices, inpatient location, obesity, 4-17 day hospital stays, and suburban residence) and hospital factors (Northeast and South regions, AU audits). Conclusions: One in two inpatients received an antimicrobial in 2023, similar to 2015. However, changes in AU by inpatient location and antimicrobial class suggest evolving prescribing practices and may inform targeted surveillance and stewardship efforts.

Indexed as

acute-care hospitalsantimicrobial drugsantimicrobial stewardshipantimicrobial useprevalence survey

Identifiers

PMID42553767
PMCPMC13435615

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