ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Differences in patient-centered burdens and economic outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics and social determinants of health: a scoping review.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: We conducted a scoping review to examine how patient-centered burdens and economic outcomes (PCBEOs) vary across sociodemographic characteristics and social determinants of health (SDoH) among U.S. patients and their families or caregivers. PCBEOs include financial, emotional, physical, and time-related challenges associated with accessing medical care. We categorized these burdens into four domains: direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect impacts, and intangible burdens. Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, EconLit, and Web of Science (January 2015-January 2025) for studies focused on adult patients and/or their families or caregivers who reported PCBEOs stratified by sociodemographic characteristics or SDoH. We categorized PCBEOs by domain, catalogued measurement tools and data sources, and summarized proposed strategies to mitigate PCBEOs. Results: From 1,461 records identified, we included 71 studies. Most studies focused on patients ( Conclusion: PCBEOs are widespread and unevenly distributed across U.S. populations. Our findings emphasize the need for standardized measurement tools, intersectional research approaches, and direct engagement with patients and caregivers to inform policies and interventions to reduce differences in PCBEOs and support sustainable and accessible care.
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