ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Effectiveness of varicella vaccine during a varicella outbreak in a Chinese senior high school: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of single-dose and two-dose varicella vaccine (VarV) among senior high school students during a varicella outbreak in China, and provide recommendations for vaccination strategy optimization. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among students in a senior high school in China during a varicella outbreak from July 23 to November 8, 2024. The history of varicella disease, the immunization history of VarV and the incidence during the outbreak among all students in the school were surveyed. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the cumulative varicella-free survival rate among students with different immunization histories during the outbreak, and the log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves across the five groups. VE was calculated based on attack rates among students with different vaccination doses and intervals since last vaccination. Post-exposure vaccination VE was also assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with varicella infection during the outbreak, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% Results: Among the 1,862 students present during the outbreak, the overall varicella attack rate was 6.29%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant differences in cumulative varicella-free survival among the different immunization groups ( Conclusion: A single dose of varicella vaccine provides limited long-term protection among high school students, whereas a two-dose regimen offers robust and sustained effectiveness. Routine catch-up vaccination and timely post-exposure vaccination are recommended for the effective control of varicella outbreaks in school settings.
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