ArticleJournal of Yeungnam medical science2026
Effects of Ramadan fasting on glycemic control and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies.
Article in Journal of Yeungnam medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundFasting is believed to confer metabolic health benefits; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting (RF) on the glycemic control, lipid profiles, and safety of patients with T2DM.
methodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library were searched for clinical studies published until March 2026. Glycemic and lipid outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and reported as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The proportions of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsThirty-four clinical studies involving 11,925 adults with T2DM were included. RF significantly improved fasting blood glucose (MD, -11.45; 95% CI, -17.48 to -5.42; p<0.01), glycated hemoglobin (MD, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.27; p<0.01), low-density lipoprotein (MD, -6.31; 95% CI, -11.81 to -0.81; p=0.02), and triglycerides (MD, -15.16; 95% CI, -25.97 to -4.34; p=0.01). No noteworthy improvements were observed in total cholesterol (MD, -9.38; 95% CI, -19.97 to 1.20; p=0.08) and high-density lipoprotein (MD, 0.81; 95% CI, -1.45 to 3.08; p=0.48). Substantial heterogeneity (I2=91%-97%) was observed across all outcomes. The pooled proportions of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%) and 7% (95% CI, 0%-21%), respectively, with substantial heterogeneity (I2>96%).
conclusionRF was associated with an average reduction in glycemic and certain lipid parameters, but hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia remained non-negligible risk factors. These findings should be interpreted as context-dependent associations across heterogeneous populations, rather than as a uniform effect of RF. Individualized monitoring and appropriate therapeutic adjustments are essential during RF.
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