Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42552509›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2026

Diagnostic and Prognostic Accuracy of Cardiorespiratory Fitness for Detecting Cardiovascular Risk and Mitochondrial Disorders: An Overview of Systematic Reviews with Meta-Analyses.

Brooklyn J Fraser, Bethany Gower, Oliver Stanesby, Costan G Magnussen, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Taru Manyanga, Ryan McGrath, Katherine Merucci, Jonathan Myers and 5 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Brooklyn J FraserMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia. brooklyn.fraser@utas.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-5431
Bethany GowerAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-6913
Oliver StanesbyMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5996-5881
Costan G MagnussenAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6238-5730
Cristina Cadenas-SanchezDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4513-9108
Jean-Philippe ChaputChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-5736
Taru ManyangaChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-5981
Ryan McGrathAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-5524
Katherine MerucciHealth Library, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1981-7013
Jonathan MyersDepartment of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-136X
Francisco B OrtegaDepartment of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-1121
Ben SinghAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-2406
Stephanie A PrinceCentre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6729-5649
Justin J LangAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1768-319X
Grant R TomkinsonAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Allied Health and Human Performance, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-9670

Funding

European Union's Horizon 2020 101028929MICIU/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF funds, EU PID2023-148404OB-I00National Heart Foundation of Australia 106588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful predictor of current and future health across all age groups. Recognising CRF's ability to screen health-related outcomes is essential for supporting its use in clinical practice.

objectiveThe aim was to evaluate the health-related diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of CRF using an overview of systematic reviews.

methodsFive bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) were searched from January 2002 to April 2025 to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses that reported on the health-related diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of CRF. The results were presented using forest plots, with the certainty of evidence assessed by a modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

resultsOf the 10,796 papers identified, six systematic reviews with meta-analyses (n = 31,171 observations) were included. Of these, five examined cardiovascular disease, events, or risk, and one examined mitochondrial disorders. CRF was measured objectively or estimated by exercise as maximum or peak oxygen consumption, ventilatory efficiency or fluctuation, or exercise performance or tolerance. All included reviews were graded as having low to critically low quality. CRF demonstrated high prognostic accuracy for predicting severe cardiovascular events in adults with heart failure, with moderate certainty (diagnostic odds ratio [dOR] 4.1-8.1; area under the curve of a summary receiver operating characteristic curve [SROC AUC] 0.73-0.77), and moderate-to-high diagnostic accuracy for detecting coronary artery disease in adults with type 2 diabetes or with suspected coronary artery disease with very low certainty (dOR 2.3-7.6; SROC AUC 0.66-0.79), mitochondrial disorders among adults with high certainty (dOR 18.1-26.6; SROC AUC 0.70-0.83), and cardiovascular disease risk among apparently healthy children and adolescents with low certainty (dOR 3.6-5.7; SROC AUC 0.64-0.71).

conclusionsCRF detects cardiovascular disease and mitochondrial disorders and predicts cardiovascular events among adults with chronic conditions and detects cardiovascular risk among apparently healthy children; however, the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to high certainty due to methodological limitations. Further research is needed to generate high-quality diagnostic evidence for CRF across diverse health outcomes and age groups in the general population.

trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42022370149.

Identifiers

PMID42552509

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.