ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2026
Subspecialty preferences and career plans among otorhinolaryngology residents in Türkiye: A national survey.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo explore the subspecialty preferences and career plans of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery residents in Türkiye and examine the reported factors influencing these decisions.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2025 using an anonymous, 27-item online questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp groups of ENT departments. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, financial expectations, subspecialty preferences, career goals, and influencing factors. Selection-level subgroup comparisons were considered exploratory because participants could select up to three subspecialties.
resultsA total of 358 residents completed the survey, corresponding to 16.1% of the official national ENT resident population for 2025. At the participant level, the most commonly preferred subspecialties were Rhinology/Allergy (52.0%), Facial Plastic Surgery (46.9%), and Head and Neck Surgery (31.6%). Private practice/private clinic was the most preferred post-residency work setting (22.1%), and face-to-face courses were the most frequently selected additional training option (26.7%). More than half of residents were undecided about pursuing an academic career (55.0%), whereas 22.9% had a definite academic career intention. Interest in temporary international training (36.0%) exceeded definite plans for permanent work abroad (10.1%). An additional 24.0% of residents were considering working abroad but remained undecided. Financial expectations were reported as influential or very influential in subspecialty choice by 52.0% of participants.
conclusionCareer planning among participating ENT residents in Türkiye appears to reflect both professional interests and contextual factors such as financial expectations, perceived training adequacy, and anticipated work environment. These findings may inform residency training, career guidance, and workforce planning in otorhinolaryngology.
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