Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42552244›Full record

ArticleChemistryOpen2026

Ultrasmall Cyclodextrin-Based Nanogels as Drug Delivery Systems.

Andrea Cesari, Simona Braccini, Maria Antonietta Casulli, Kento Ishigaki, Takeshi Hashimoto, Takashi Hayashita, Dario Puppi, Fabio Bellina

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ChemistryOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andrea CesariDepartment of Chemistry and industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9927-0953
Simona BracciniDepartment of Chemistry and industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Maria Antonietta CasulliMicro and Nano Systems (MNS), Leuven (Arenberg), Leuven, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0002-9948-1427
Kento IshigakiGraduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
Takeshi HashimotoGraduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-7601-5511
Takashi HayashitaGraduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1264-9694
Dario PuppiDepartment of Chemistry and industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9251-4388
Fabio BellinaDepartment of Chemistry and industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4939-7008

Funding

European Union - Next Generation EU through the Italian Ministry of University and Research under PNRR - M4C2-I1.3 Project PE_00000019 ″HEAL ITALIA" CUP I53C22001440006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ultrasmall cyclodextrin-based nanogels (CDngs) crosslinked with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) were tested as drug delivery systems for poorly water-soluble anticancer agents for the first time. Two compounds with well-established pharmacological activity but critical solubility limitations, i.e., Osthole and Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), were selected to evaluate the encapsulation capacity and performance of the nanogel platform. After preliminary screening through experimental and docking investigation, CA-4 was chosen as the reference compound. Among the formulations developed, the CA-4/loaded nanogel displayed the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE%). Despite a less-than-ideal host-guest fit, the large cavity of γ-CD allows for efficient drug encapsulation and higher loading capacity. The optimized formulation was tested in vitro to assess both the biocompatibility of γ-CDngs, as well as the anticancer efficacy of CA-4 loaded γ-CD and γ-CDngs. We demonstrate that empty systems exhibit intrinsic biocompatibility, showing no cytotoxicity toward the A2780 cancer cell line under experimental conditions. Furthermore, the CA-4 loaded γ-CDngs retained and enhanced the cytotoxic properties of the free drug against this cell line, compared to the corresponding native γ-CD. Collectively, these findings validate CDngs as a promising and innovative platform for the delivery of hydrophobic anticancer molecules and support their potential for further therapeutic development.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsCyclodextrinsDrug CarriersDrug Delivery SystemsBibenzylsCell Line, TumorCell SurvivalCoumarinsHumansPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneimineStilbenesAntineoplastic AgentsBibenzylsCoumarinsCyclodextrinsDrug CarriersfosbretabulinPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneimineStilbenescombretastatin A‐4cyclodextrindrug delivery systemsostholeultrasmall nanogel

Identifiers

PMID42552244
PMCPMC13437435

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.