ArticleBMJ open2026
AquOTic: protocol for a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of an occupational therapy-based water competency intervention for children on the autism spectrum.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07076264 (Water Competency Intervention for Children on the Autism Spectrum), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Water Competency Intervention for Children on the Autism Spectrum: The AquOTic Hybrid Effectiveness Implementation Trial
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDrowning is a leading cause of unintentional death among children on the autism spectrum, emphasising the need for tailored water competency interventions. Autism-related factors such as wandering, sensory differences and limited danger awareness increase drowning risk. Evidence suggests structured aquatic programmes improve water safety, yet guidance on effective components and implementation fidelity in community settings remains limited. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial will evaluate AquOTic, an occupational therapy-based water competency intervention for children on the autism spectrum aged 5-9 years. A total of 108 participants will be randomised into three arms: (1) AquOTic delivered by professional student swim buddies, (2) AquOTic delivered by community swim buddies and (3) usual water exposure control. Primary outcomes include water competency and swim skills measured by standardised performance-based and caregiver-report measures. Secondary aims assess implementation determinants (fidelity, engagement, attitudes) using mixed methods, while exploratory analyses calculate costs and resources. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval has been obtained from The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board (protocol number: STUDY20250101). Written informed consent will be obtained from parents or legal guardians and assent from children when appropriate. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and partnerships with community organisations involved in autism and water safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT07076264.
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