Observational studyBMJ open2026
Differences and trends in pathogens between ventilator-associated pneumonia and non-ventilator-associated pneumonia: data from 61 hospitals in Suzhou, China, 2020-2024.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the differences in pathogenic bacterial profiles between ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) and to provide data to support clinical infection prevention and control.
designA retrospective observational study using surveillance data, accompanied by a statistical analysis of pathogen-related variables between the two study cohorts.
settingSixty-one secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions in a single city. Data were extracted from the city's regional healthcare-associated infection surveillance platforms.
participantsInpatients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with confirmed hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), including VAP and NV-HAP, at the aforementioned 61 healthcare institutions during the study period. Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Pathogen distribution in patients with VAP and NV-HAP; (2) temporal trends in pathogen isolation rates (January 2020-December 2024) in both groups; (3) antimicrobial resistancecharacteristics of major pathogens, including detection/composition ratios of key multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): carbapenem-resistant
resultsPathogen distribution differed between the two groups, with Gram-negative bacteria being predominant in both groups (73.72% vs 80.98%). Among patients with NV-HAP, the isolation rates of
conclusionThe two groups differed in the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens and MDROs, and these profiles fluctuated over time. Patients with VAP have a higher percentage of drug-resistant bacteria, requiring special attention to CRAB and CRPA. Local microbiological epidemiological surveillance should be strengthened to improve infection prevention, control strategies and guide empirical antibiotic therapy.
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