ArticleJournal of veterinary science2026
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of intramuscular amoxicillin-florfenicol in olive flounder.
Article in Journal of veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
importance
objectiveTo evaluate the PK-PD profile, synergistic activity, and therapeutic efficacy of a fixed-dose intramuscular AMXT-FFC combination against
methodsMinimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-kill assays were conducted. Olive flounder were administered amoxicillin (AMX, 10 mg/kg), FFC (10 mg/kg), or their combination (10 + 10 mg/kg) via intramuscular injection. PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. PK-PD indices, including %time above MIC (%T > MIC) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC, were calculated based on the combined MIC (0.5 µg/mL). Therapeutic efficacy was assessed using an dose causing 70% mortality challenge model (3.7 × 10⁶ colony-forming units [CFU]/fish).
resultsThe AMXT-FFC combination exhibited synergism (ΣFIC = 0.625), achieving a ≥ 3 log₁₀ CFU/mL reduction within 24 h. Co-administration significantly elevated C CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A single intramuscular administration of the AMXT-FFC combination provides synergistic antibacterial activity, prolongs exposure, and achieves prespecified PK-PD targets under the controlled experimental conditions.
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