ReviewCureus2026
Effectiveness of Structured Exercise Programs in Patients With Conduction System Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following the implantation of cardiac physiological pacemakers and similar electronic cardiac devices, individuals frequently face a decline in physical activity levels, marked exercise intolerance, compromised functional capacities, and a diminished overall quality of life. These constraints are often aggravated by an underlying fear of physical exertion, pre-existing myocardial dysfunction, bodily deconditioning, and various psychosocial barriers. Consequently, structured exercise rehabilitation has gained substantial attention as a vital, non-pharmacological approach to enhancing both the physiological and psychological well-being of this clinical cohort. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of structured exercise regimens on functional output, physical capacity metrics, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), including conduction system pacing (CSP) (His bundle pacing (HBP), left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP)), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). A comprehensive literature retrieval was executed across electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, targeting research published from 2015 to 2026. This investigation considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials, comparative analyses, and observational research evaluating exercise-focused interventions in pacemaker and implantable device recipients. Methodological integrity and risk of bias were systematically evaluated using design-appropriate standardized critical appraisal frameworks. Eleven distinct studies fulfilled all specified selection criteria and were incorporated into the final analysis. The synthesized evidence indicates that structured physical regimens comprising aerobic conditioning, resistance training, inspiratory muscle exercises, flexibility workouts, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and remote or home-based telerehabilitation yielded substantial improvements in exercise endurance, cardiopulmonary fitness, breathing muscle function, and overall functional performance. Additionally, multiple investigations highlighted significant advancements in patient self-efficacy, psychological health, and HRQoL metrics. Home-centered and digitally monitored rehabilitation protocols demonstrated strong safety profiles, high feasibility, and excellent patient compliance rates. Methodologically, the majority of the reviewed literature exhibited moderate-to-high quality alongside a low-to-moderate risk of bias. Tailored exercise rehabilitation protocols represent a safe and highly capable strategy for boosting functional performance, physical stamina, and life quality in individuals with cardiac physiological pacemakers and related implantable technologies. Holistic rehabilitation framework combinations incorporating aerobic and strength training, respiratory muscle development, psychosocial counseling, and customized pacing adjustments are essential to accelerating recovery, restoring confidence in physical activity, and maximizing long-term clinical success for this patient population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.