ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2026
The prognostic value of cachexia index in patients with lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a propensity score matching analysis.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Cancer cachexia index (CXI) is a potential tool for cancer cachexia diagnosis in patients with lung cancer. However, the predictive value of the CXI for clinical outcomes in patients with lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of the CXI in predicting overall survival in patients with lung cancer undergoing ICIs. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted, enrolling 119 patients with lung cancer who received ICIs. The clinical, laboratory, abdominal computed tomography (CT) images and follow-up data before immunotherapy were collected for all participants. The CXI was calculated by integrating the CT-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the third lumbar vertebra level with serum albumin and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare overall survival (OS) differences between patients with a low CXI and those with a high CXI. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize selection bias, and a nomogram was constructed based on the CXI. Results: Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with a low CXI had significantly lower 3-year OS rate than those with a high CXI in both the total cohort (24.6% vs. 65.1%, Conclusion: In patients with lung cancer receiving ICIs, CXI is an independent prognostic factor for OS. It may serve as a valuable clinical tool for assessing cancer cachexia in lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.
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