ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Dairy cow health across an intensification gradient in Europe: an integrated multi-indicator assessment.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Dairy farming systems in Europe range from low-input grazing systems to highly specialized indoor production systems, raising important questions about the relationship between production strategies, animal health and the sustainability of dairy production. While previous studies have generally focused on isolated health or production traits, this study provides an integrated multi-indicator assessment of dairy cow health across three farming systems representing a gradient of production intensification: low-input grazing systems, moderate-input grazing systems (GraCow), and fully indoor systems. Data were collected from dairy farms in France and Germany between 2018 and 2022 using herd-level performance indicators, clinical observations of animals, milk quality indicators and blood metabolites biomarkers. Low input farms were characterized by smaller herd sizes (40.7 Livestock Units vs. 197.4 and 608.8 LU;
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