ArticleFrontiers in cognition2026
Age and generational differences in anthropomorphism and trust in large language models.
Article in Frontiers in cognition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: As large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate everyday information seeking, a fundamental question emerges: do people conceptualize these systems as social agents, and does this tendency vary by age? Methods: We investigated how individuals anthropomorphize and trust a pseudo-LLM, examining English-speaking adults from the United States ( Results: Age and generational differences were observed: Gen Z (the youngest age group) showed consistently lower anthropomorphism, reduced trust ratings of the system, and lower ratings of accuracy for responses generated by the LLM. Anthropomorphic voice cues increased perceived human-likeness and accuracy uniformly across age groups. Qualitative analyses further revealed age and generational differences in how participants conceptualized the system. Discussion: Together, these findings suggest that age and generational differences shape how people attribute mind and agency to artificial systems.
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