Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42549080›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Seasonally Varying Effects of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing Interventions on

Pearl Anne Ante-Testard, Francois Rerolle, Mahbubur Rahman, Rashidul Haque, Shimul Das, Sarker Masud Parvez, Ayse Ercumen, Audrie Lin, Stephen P Luby, Tarik Benmarhnia and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Pearl Anne Ante-TestardFrancis I. Proctor Foundation and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3416-0817
Francois RerolleFrancis I. Proctor Foundation and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mahbubur RahmanEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-2683
Rashidul HaqueEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Shimul DasEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Sarker Masud ParvezEnvironmental Health and WASH, Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ayse ErcumenDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6002-1514
Audrie LinDepartment of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3877-3469
Stephen P LubyDivision of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-899X
Tarik BenmarhniaScripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Benjamin F ArnoldFrancis I. Proctor Foundation and the Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-7295

Funding

Serologic measures of enteric pathogen transmission for intervention studies and population monitoring in low-resource settingsR01AI166671 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Benjamin F Arnold · 2022 to 2026
$2.7M
Effect of WASH interventions on population resilience to seasonally-driven enteric pathogen transmission along a gradient of socio-economic positionR03AI188012 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Benjamin F Arnold · 2025 to 2026
$162k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI166671NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI188012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the WASH Benefits Bangladesh cluster-randomized trial, with 450 clusters assigned to 4 arms in a 2 × 2 factorial design (WSH: WSH, WSH + Nutrition; no WSH: Control, Nutrition). Results: Conclusions: We demonstrate how WSH provides resilience to seasonal variation in infection risk and mitigates climate-driven, seasonally varying

Indexed as

Bangladeshclimateeffect modificationGiardiaWASH

Identifiers

PMID42549080
PMCPMC13430655

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.