ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Mucosal immune cell priming by intranasally delivered
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Intranasal vaccines offer a needle-free strategy to enhance immunity to respiratory infections. We investigated the mechanism of action of a novel intranasal vaccine using the human respiratory commensal Methods: Mucosal and systemic cellular immune responses were assessed 2-144 hours after intranasal Hh treatment in mice, compared with placebo or the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2-6 agonist Pam2CSK4 using spectral flow cytometry. The impact of treatment on subsequent IAV and NTHi challenge was also evaluated. Results: Hh induced a distinct, tissue-specific immune signature with rapid recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes to the lungs, peaking at 6 hours, earlier than Pam2CSK4. Hh also generated higher proportions of nasal CD103 Discussion: These findings demonstrate that Hh primes mucosal immune responses to promote heterologous protection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.