ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Daily physical activity patterns across the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic female athletes: an accelerometry-based study.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle (MC) influence various physiological parameters, yet their impact on daily physical activity (PA) behavior in naturally menstruating women remains under-researched, often lacking rigorous hormonal verification. Methods: This prospective observational study aimed to examine variations in daily PA intensity and energy consumption across MC phases in eumenorrheic, female athletes [classification as level II or level III athletes according to McKay et al. (2022)] using accelerometry as an objective tool to measure PA. Twenty female athletes (26.6 ± 5.9 years) with regular cycles were monitored using wrist-worn GENEActiv accelerometers over one complete natural cycle. MC phases were classified into seven stages (early, mid, and late follicular; ovulatory; early, mid, and late luteal) using a combination of self-reported bleeding, daily urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) testing, and serum hormone analysis (progesterone >16 nmol·L⁻ Results: No significant differences were found across MC phases for sedentary, light, or moderate PA Conclusion: In eumenorrheic athletes, the MC does not substantially modify overall daily activity volume or lower-intensity behaviors. However, high-intensity activity and energy consumption are sensitive to cyclical hormonal fluctuations, specifically decreasing during the ovulatory phase. These findings suggest that higher-intensity activity domains may be more susceptible to menstrual cycle fluctuations than overall activity volume. Therefore, training prescription and load monitoring should consider individual cycle patterns and hormonal profiles rather than assuming behavioral stability across all intensity levels.
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