ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Characteristics of intellectual development in children diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study investigates how congenital motor disorders affect cognition by analyzing intelligence in children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), a condition featuring joint contractures without CNS involvement. Unlike other motor disorders, AMC offers a unique model to study movement restriction's isolated cognitive effects. The study included 32 children diagnosed with AMC and a control group of 33 healthy children. To assess cognitive development, we administered the Culture-Free Intelligence Test (CFIT; GFT 2) to measure fluid intelligence, along with the Block Design, Similarities, and Vocabulary subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to evaluate visual-spatial, abstract-logical, and verbal intelligence, respectively. Comparative assessments of verbal and non-verbal intelligence in 6-15-year-olds revealed lower general and verbal-logical scores in AMC children, with gaps diminishing by adolescence. Non-verbal disparities emerged later, suggesting compensatory reorganization. Key finding: hand motor impairment-not overall severity-best predicted cognitive delays, emphasizing object manipulation's role in early development. Results advocate for dual motor-cognitive interventions and refined diagnostic frameworks to distinguish AMC's neuropsychological profile from other locomotor disorders.
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