Radiofrequency technology as an anti-aging intervention: clinical efficacy in reversing senescence-driven skin laxity and age-related dermal degeneration.

Objective: To compare the clinical anti-aging efficacy of multipolar radiofrequency technology and monopolar radiofrequency technology in reversing senescence-driven skin laxity and age-related dermal degeneration, and to provide scientific evidence for the selection of optimal radiofrequency anti-aging treatment protocols in aging patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 84 aging patients exhibiting senescence-associated skin laxity and age-related dermal extracellular matrix degeneration, who received radiofrequency anti-aging treatment at our hospital from January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into a study group (multipolar radiofrequency treatment, n = 42) and a control group (monopolar radiofrequency treatment, n = 42) according to the treatment method. Both groups received 5 treatments, once every 2-3 weeks. Skin elasticity parameters (R2, R5, R7) - reflecting collagen and elastin fiber degradation-were measured using a cutometric device, aesthetic improvement was evaluated using GAIS, skin texture was assessed using a three-dimensional skin analyzer, and patient satisfaction was evaluated using VAS and PSES. Results: Senescence-associated skin elasticity parameters reflecting age-related dermal structural decline improved significantly in both groups at all follow-up time points compared to aging pre-treatment baseline (P < 0.05), confirming that both radiofrequency modalities can partially reverse senescence-driven dermal deterioration. At 3 months post-treatment, the improvement rates of aging biomarker parameters R2, R5, and R7 in the study group were 32.7% ± 5.2%, 28.9% ± 4.6%, and 30.8% ± 5.1%, respectively-representing substantially greater reversal of age-related elasticity decline-compared to 21.5% ± 4.1%, 18.7% ± 3.9%, and 20.1% ± 4.0% in the control group (P < 0.001). Anti-aging GAIS scores were higher in the study group at all follow-up time points (P < 0.001). Age-related skin texture deterioration showed superior improvement in the study group across senescence-associated skin roughness index, age-enlarged pore area and density, aging fine line depth, and texture uniformity (P < 0.001). VAS and PSES scores reflecting patient-perceived aging reversal were higher in the study group at all time points (P < 0.001). At 12-month follow-up, 90.5% of study group patients maintained effective anti-aging improvement versus 57.1% in the control group (P < 0.001), demonstrating superior durability of senescence-reversal. No significant difference in adverse reaction incidence between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Multipolar radiofrequency technology is superior to monopolar radiofrequency technology in reversing skin laxity and dermal degeneration associated with aging, demonstrating greater improvements in skin elasticity parameters, overall aesthetic outcomes, patient satisfaction, and treatment durability, with a comparable safety profile, making it the preferred option for non-invasive skin tightening in older patients.