ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Pneumococcal transmission is driven by TNFR2+ regulatory T-cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Pneumococcal serotype 1 (sequence type 217) is a leading cause of invasive disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the transmission dynamics of hypervirulent strains such as ST217 is key to developing therapies and vaccines that can reduce outbreak incidence. Methods: The transmission dynamics of ST217 were investigated using an adolescent mouse pneumococcal transmission model, representing the population mainly affected by disease outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa. Results: We found that TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2)-positive regulatory T-cells (Tregs) paradoxically create the conditions that promote ST217 transmission. During ST217 colonisation, TNFR2 Conclusion: This study demonstrates an unexpected but key role of TNFR2
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