ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
What do students really gain from physical education? The QPE4PL
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Existing physical literacy (PL) assessment tools primarily evaluate enduring traits and provide limited insight into students' immediate experiences during physical education (PE) lessons. This study aimed to develop and validate the QPE4PL Methods: Questionnaire development followed a three-phase process involving (1) domain identification based on existing theoretical frameworks and expert consensus, (2) item generation and refinement via expert feedback and cognitive interviews, and (3) psychometric evaluation with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The analyses supported a four-factor, 19-item structure with good reliability and satisfactory evidence of construct validity. Discussion: The QPE4PLimpact provides a theoretically grounded and pedagogically relevant instrument for assessing the immediate, context-dependent expression of PL in PE lessons. It offers new opportunities for evaluating educational practices and supports future cross-cultural and longitudinal research.
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