ArticleScientific reports2026
Effects of zinc oxide nano particles on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice (insights to the postpartum depression, reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant activity).
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine protective effects of zinc oxide nano particles (ZONP) during pregnancy with morphine withdrawal syndrome on postpartum depression, reflexive motor behaviors and antioxidant levels in mice offspring. Group 1 kept as control. In the second group, male mice were exposed to morphine for 21 days, while the female mice remained morphine administration-negative (MOR-). In the third group, female mice were exposed to morphine for 21 days, while the male mice remained MOR-. The fourth group consisted of both male and female mice subjected to morphine for 21 days. The groups 5-7 were similar to groups 2-4, which ZONP (0.5 mg/kg; i.p) were given to the morphine treated mice on gestational days 5, 8, 11, 14, and 17. Following delivery, post-partum depressive behaviors were determined using tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Also, following delivery, reflexive motor behavior was determined in pups of each group. Also, blood and brain tissue samples were collected from mother and pups, respectively to determine antioxidant activity. According to the findings, reflexive motor behaviors exhibited a statistically significant altered subsequent to prenatal morphine exposure (P < 0.05); however, there was no difference between offspring of mothers exposed to morphine or offspring of both parents exposed to morphine (P > 0.05). The administration of ZONP did not yield any significant alteration in reflexive motor behaviors within the male morphine-exposed cohort (P > 0.05). ZONP + morphine administration significantly decreased side effects of the morphine withdrawal syndrome on reflexive motor behaviors in mice offspring (P < 0.05). Morphine administration significantly increased post-partum immobility time in TST and FST (P < 0.05) and ZONP administration significantly decreased immobility time in TST and FST (P < 0.05). The administration of morphine significantly enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) levels in serum of the mothers and brain tissue of the pups, respectively (P < 0.05). The administration of ZONP decreased MDA and enhanced SOD, GPx and CAT levels in serum of the mothers and brain tissue of the pups, respectively (P < 0.05). These findings suggested maternal exposure to ZONP seems to offer protection against the negative impacts of morphine on pos-partum depression and reflexive motor behaviors in the mothers and pups.
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