Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42547575›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2026

Mapping enhancer-gene regulatory interactions from single-cell data.

Maya U Sheth, Wei-Lin Qiu, X Rosa Ma, Andreas R Gschwind, Evelyn Jagoda, Anthony S Tan, James Galante, Judhajeet Ray, Dulguun Amgalan, Hjörleifur Einarsson and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Inherited Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infections from Kidney Papilla to Bladder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Distinguishing causal from tagging enhancers using single-cell multiome data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Genome-wide rules of transcription factor cooperativity revealed throughbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Maya U Sheth *The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Wei-Lin Qiu *The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-0378
X Rosa MaDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8297-4279
Andreas R GschwindThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-6907
Evelyn JagodaThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Anthony S TanDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
James GalanteDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-3090
Judhajeet RayThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1524-2603
Dulguun AmgalanThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-3372
Hjörleifur EinarssonThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Bram L GorissenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-0432
Danilo DubocaninDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-5814
Christopher S McGinnisDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jacob HuangThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-8757-6540
Glen MunsonThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Kayla BrandDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-628X
Ansuman T SatpathyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5167-537X
Thouis R JonesThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Lars M SteinmetzDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3962-2865
Anshul KundajeDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Berk UstunHalıcıoğlu Data Science Institute and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Jesse M EngreitzThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. engreitz@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-1719
Robin AnderssonThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. robin@bio.ku.dk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1516-879X

Funding

Single-cell Mapping Center for Human Regulatory Elements and Gene ActivityUM1HG012076 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Michael Ryan Corces, Ansuman Satpathy · 2021 to 2026
$13.8M
Ethics Core (FABRIC)U54HG012510 · NHGRI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MALIN, BRADLEY A. · 2022 to 2025
$11.2M
Stanford Center for Connecting DNA Variants to Function and PhenotypeUM1HG011972 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JESSE M ENGREITZ, THOMAS QUERTERMOUS · 2021 to 2026
$10.5M
Predicting context-specific molecular and phenotypic effects of genetic variation through the lens of the cis-regulatory codeU01HG012069 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Anshul Kundaje · 2021 to 2026
$3.9M
Function-based exploration of genetic variation at genome-scaleR01HG011664 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI STEINMETZ, LARS M · 2022 to 2025
$2.9M
Mapping, modeling, and manipulating 3D contacts in vascular cells to connect risk variants to disease genesR01HL159176 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ENGREITZ, JESSE M · 2022 to 2025
$2.8M
Mapping enhancer-gene regulation in single cells to connect genetic variants to target genes and cell typesR35HG011324 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ENGREITZ, JESSE M · 2020 to 2024
$2.3M
American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.) 821920 and 23POSTCHF1019753National Science Foundation (NSF) DGE-1656518NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG011664NHGRI NIH HHS R35 HG011324NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG012069NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG012510NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG011972NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG012076NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL159176Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation) NNF20OC0059796U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01HL159176U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) R35HG011324U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) U01HG012069U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) UM1HG011972U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) UM1HG012076
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mapping enhancers and their target genes in specific cell types is crucial for understanding gene regulation and human disease genetics. However, accurately predicting enhancer-gene regulatory interactions from single-cell datasets has been challenging. Here we introduce a family of classification models, scE2G, to predict enhancer-gene regulation. These models use features from single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) or multiomic RNA and ATAC-seq data, and are trained on a CRISPR perturbation dataset including >10,000 evaluated element-gene pairs. We benchmark scE2G models against CRISPR perturbations, fine-mapped expression quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association study variant-gene associations and demonstrate state-of-the-art performance at prediction tasks across several cell types and categories of perturbations. We apply scE2G to build maps of enhancer-gene regulatory interactions in heterogeneous tissues and interpret noncoding variants associated with complex traits, nominating regulatory interactions linking INPP4B and IL15 to lymphocyte count. The scE2G models will enable accurate mapping of enhancer-gene regulatory interactions across thousands of human cell types.

Indexed as

Chromosome MappingEnhancer Elements, GeneticGene Expression RegulationSingle-Cell AnalysisChromatinChromatin Immunoprecipitation SequencingGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansQuantitative Trait LociSingle-Cell Gene Expression AnalysisChromatin

Identifiers

PMID42547575
PMCPMC13447104

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.